diff --git a/lang/compile.py b/lang/compile.py
index f05fb6d..77f945b 100755
--- a/lang/compile.py
+++ b/lang/compile.py
@@ -484,12 +484,13 @@
 		return 'IRMetadata(id=%s, name=%s, uses=%s)' % (self.id, self.name, self.uses)
 
 class IRClass():
-	def __init__(self, name, functions):
+	def __init__(self, name, functions, args_len):
 		self.name = name
 		self.functions = functions
+		self.args_len = args_len
 
 	def __repr__(self):
-		return 'IRClass(name=%s, functions=%s)' % (self.name, self.functions)
+		return 'IRClass(name=%s, functions=%s, args_len=%i)' % (self.name, self.functions, self.args_len)
 
 ## IR Generator
 
@@ -668,7 +669,8 @@
 	if metadata is None:
 		print("Unable to find module metadata?")
 		return None
-	return IRClass(metadata.name, [])
+	args_len = len(metadata.uses)
+	return IRClass(metadata.name, [], args_len)
 
 def map_class_functions(functions, classes):
 	mapped_classes = []
@@ -682,7 +684,8 @@
 			print("Unknown class %s" % (name))
 			return None
 		funcs = functions[name]
-		new_class = IRClass(name, funcs)
+		args_len = class_.args_len
+		new_class = IRClass(name, funcs, args_len)
 		mapped_classes.append(new_class)
 	return mapped_classes
 
@@ -950,40 +953,21 @@
 	return "static const unsigned char bytecode_%s_%s [] = {%s};\n\n" \
 		% (node.class_, node.name, c_bytecode)
 
-def generate_module_args(module_args):
-	return """static ObjectList create_args(VmState state, ObjectList use_modules) {
-	(void)state; (void)use_modules;
-	int args_count = %i;
-	ObjectList list = object_list_create(state, args_count);
-	vm_abort_if(state, object_list_length(state, use_modules) < args_count, "create_args: Not enough use_modules");
-	for(int i = 0; i < args_count; ++i) {
-		Object obj = object_list_get(state, use_modules, i);
-		object_list_set(state, use_modules, i, object_none());
-		object_list_set(state, list, i, obj);
-	}
-	return list;
-}
-
-static void free_args(VmState state, ObjectList *args) {
-	for(int i = 0; i < object_list_length(state, *args); ++i)
-		object_list_set(state, *args, i, object_none());
-	object_list_free(state, args);
-}""" % (len(module_args))
-
-def generate_class_boilerplate():
+def generate_class_boilerplate(args_len):
 	return """static struct object_class CLASSNAME_class;
 
 static Object CLASSNAME_create(VmState state, ObjectList use_modules) {
 	Object obj = object_create(state, &CLASSNAME_class, sizeof(ObjectList));
 	ObjectList *args = (ObjectList *)object_priv(state, obj, &CLASSNAME_class);
-	*args = create_args(state, use_modules);
+	*args = use_modules;
+	vm_abort_if(state, object_list_length(state, use_modules) < %i, "create_args: Not enough use_modules");
 	return obj;
 }
 
 static void CLASSNAME_cleanup(VmState state, Object obj) {
 	ObjectList *args = (ObjectList *)object_priv(state, obj, &CLASSNAME_class);
-	free_args(state, args);
-}"""
+	object_list_drop(state, args);
+}""" % (args_len)
 
 def generate_class_call(class_name, func_name, index):
 	call = '{.name = "%s", .handler = CLASSNAME_call_bytecode, .priv = %s },\n\t' % (func_name, index)
@@ -1018,7 +1002,7 @@
 
 def generate_c_class(class_ir):
 	functions = []
-	output = generate_class_boilerplate()
+	output = generate_class_boilerplate(class_ir.args_len)
 	output += "\n\n"
 	output += generate_class_structs(class_ir)
 	output = output.replace('CLASSNAME', class_ir.name)
@@ -1063,8 +1047,6 @@
 	output = generate_header(source)
 	output += "\n\n/* BYTECODES */\n\n"
 	output += bytecodes
-	output += "/* MODULE ARGS */\n\n"
-	output += generate_module_args(module_args)
 	output += classes
 	output += "\n\n/* METADATA */\n\n"
 	output += metadata
diff --git a/lang/module.c b/lang/module.c
index 0601025..b56119f 100644
--- a/lang/module.c
+++ b/lang/module.c
@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@
 			abort_print("Too many module use_modules");
 	}
 	Object module = info->create(state, use_modules);
-	object_list_free(state, &use_modules);
 	return module;
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/object.c b/lang/object.c
index 8fb4893..1d6a433 100644
--- a/lang/object.c
+++ b/lang/object.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 
 struct object_list {
 	int length;
+	atomic_int ref_count;
 	Object elems[];
 };
 
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@
 	vm_abort_if(
 		state, list == NULL, "object_list_create: not enough memory");
 	list->length = length;
+	list->ref_count = 1;
 	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
 		list->elems[i] = object_none();
 	return list;
@@ -109,8 +111,21 @@
 	return obj;
 }
 
-void object_list_free(VmState state, ObjectList *list) {
+void object_list_hold(VmState state, ObjectList list) {
 	(void)state;
-	free(*list);
-	*list = NULL;
+	atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&list->ref_count, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+void object_list_drop(VmState state, ObjectList *listptr) {
+	(void)state;
+	ObjectList list = (ObjectList)*listptr;
+	atomic_int count = atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(
+		&list->ref_count, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+	if (count == 1) {
+		// We were the last user of the list, clean it up
+		for (int i = 0; i < list->length; ++i)
+			object_drop(state, &(list->elems[i]));
+		free(list);
+	}
+	*listptr = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/lang/object.h b/lang/object.h
index 517addc..6b5c4e0 100644
--- a/lang/object.h
+++ b/lang/object.h
@@ -54,9 +54,11 @@
 // A new reference is created for the caller
 Object object_list_get(VmState state, ObjectList list, int index);
 
-// Frees a list of objects
-// This doesn't drop any references to objects
-// Sets list to NULL
-void object_list_free(VmState state, ObjectList *list);
+// Adds a reference to an object list
+void object_list_hold(VmState state, ObjectList list);
+
+// Drops a reference to an object list, possibly cleaning its contents
+// Sets listptr to NULL
+void object_list_drop(VmState state, ObjectList *listptr);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/lang/vm.c b/lang/vm.c
index 2f2dbef..1c47406 100644
--- a/lang/vm.c
+++ b/lang/vm.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 void vm_destroy(VmState *state) {
 	struct vm_state **priv = (struct vm_state **)state;
-	object_list_free(*state, &(*priv)->stack);
+	object_list_drop(*state, &(*priv)->stack);
 	free((*priv)->stack_trace);
 	free(*priv);
 }